DEEP AND SURFACE STRUCTURES IN TRANSFORMATIONAL GRAMMAR
Keywords:
deep structure, surface structure, transformational grammar, syntax, Chomsky, ambiguityAbstract
This article explores Noam Chomsky’s distinction between deep and surface structures within the transformational-generative grammar framework. Emphasis is placed on how deep structures reflect universal semantic relations, while surface structures represent phonological and syntactic forms realized in actual speech. The study evaluates the theoretical significance of this dichotomy and its implications for linguistic analysis, language acquisition, and syntactic ambiguity.
References
1. Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton.
2. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
3. Chomsky, N. (1995). The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
4. Radford, A. (2004). English Syntax: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5. Cook, V., & Newson, M. (2007). Chomsky’s Universal Grammar: An Introduction (3rd ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.