Журнал «Научный Импульс» освещает сферу духовно-просветительского мышления человека, общественно-политическую жизнь человека, институты гражданского общества, глобальные проблемы, проблемы образования, новые технологии, производимые сегодня, реформирование системы образования и публикуются научные статьи, посвященные открытому научно-популярному анализу. Журнал предназначен для студентов, магистров, профессиональных ученых и исследователей, преподавателей вузов. В издании публикуются статьи проблемного и научно-практического характера. Основные отличия журнала «Научный Импульс.»: ✔️ Обзор – в течение трех дней с момента подачи заявки на публикацию. ✔️ Номер журнала будет опубликован на сайте через 5 дней после окончания приема статей. ✔️ Журнал «Новости преподавания» включен в список рекомендуемых научных изданий для публикации основных научных результатов докторских диссертаций.
CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CHRONIC TONSILLITIS AND ITS IMPACT ON UPPER RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Chronic tonsillitis is one of the most common otorhinolaryngological diseases characterized by persistent inflammation of the palatine tonsils and recurrent infectious episodes. The disease significantly affects upper respiratory tract health and may lead to systemic inflammatory complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of chronic tonsillitis and determine the significance of inflammatory markers in disease severity. The study included 48 patients diagnosed with chronic tonsillitis who underwent clinical, microbiological, and laboratory evaluation. Elevated inflammatory markers, recurrent bacterial colonization, and structural tonsillar changes were significantly associated with frequent exacerbations and impaired respiratory function. Statistical analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation between bacterial colonization and recurrence frequency (r = 0.73; p <0.001). The findings confirm the important role of chronic infection and inflammatory activity in chronic tonsillitis progression.
chronic tonsillitis, ENT diseases, upper respiratory tract, inflammation, microbiology, tonsillar infection
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ РАБОТЫ СЕТЧАТОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ПРИ ОТДЕЛЕНИИ МЕЛКОГО СОРА В ОЧИСТИТЕЛЬНОМ ОБОРУДОВАНИИ
В статье представлена математическая модель работы сетчатой рабочей поверхности очистительного оборудования, состоящая из пяти связанных блоков: геометрического, кинематического, динамического, деградационного и вероятностного. Получена замкнутая система соотношений (1)–(6), позволяющая рассчитать показатели надёжности сетки по конструктивным и режимным параметрам. Представлены расчётные графики живого сечения сетки от размера ячейки и расчётные кривые забиваемости для трёх отраслей. Все расчёты могут быть реализованы в среде MS Excel.
математическая модель, сетчатая поверхность, живое сечение, забиваемость, абразивный износ, уравнение Велера, MS Excel.
O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI QIZIL KITOBIGA KIRITILGAN FABACEAE OILASI VAKILLARINING MUHOFAZASIGA AMALIY TAVSIYALAR
Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Qizil Kitobining 2019 yilgi nashriga kiritilgan Burchoqdoshlar – Fabaceae oilasi vakillarining tarqalishi, ekologik va muhofaza holati tahlil qilindi. Ushbu oila tahlili jarayonida 4 ta guruh bo‘icha ham qizil kitobga kiritilgan turlar uchrayabdi. Soni qisqarib borayotgan turlar tahlil qilinganda asosan bu turlarni yo‘q bo‘lishiga sabab bo‘luvchi omillar quyidagicha guruhlarga bo‘linadi: chorva molarining nazoratsiz boqilishi, yerlarni qishloq xo‘jaligi uchun o‘zlashtirilishi, dorivor o‘simlik sifatida foydalanishish, antropogen omillar, iqlim o‘zgarishlari.Yuqorida ko‘rsatilgan omillarga alohida e’tibor berish kerak chunki turlar soni kundan kunga kamaymoqda.
Atrof-muhit va o‘simliklar olamini muhofaza qilish masalasi zamonaviy ekologik muammolar tizimida ustuvor yo‘nalishlardan biri sifatida namoyon bo‘lmoqda. Insoniyat taraqqiyoti jarayonida tabiiy resurslardan keng ko‘lamda va ko‘pincha nazoratsiz foydalanish natijasida ekologik muvozanatning buzilishi, iqlim o‘zgarishi, tuproq degradatsiyasi hamda bioxilma-xillikning qisqarishi kabi salbiy jarayonlar yuzaga kelmoqda. Shu bois atrof-muhitni asrash masalasi nafaqat tabiiy fanlar, balki ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va huquqiy sohalarning ham dolzarb tadqiqot obyektiga aylangan.
JIGAR SIRROZIDA QIZILO‘NGACHDAN QON KETISHINING PROFILAKTIKASINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Jigar sirrozi bilan og‘rigan bemorlarda qizilo‘ngach varikoz kengaygan venalaridan (QVK) qon ketishining birlamchi va ikkilamchi profilaktikasini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha yangi yondashuvlarni baholash. Materiallar va usullar: 2019-2023 yillar davomida 186 nafar jigar sirrozi (Child-Pugh A/B/C: 41/88/57) tashxisi qo‘yilgan bemor tadqiqotga kiritildi. Bemorlar uch guruhga bo‘lindi: I guruh (n=62) - an’anaviy beta-bloker (propranolol) monoterapiyasi; II guruh (n=64) - endoskopik varikoz vena ligatsiyasi (EVVL); III guruh (n=60) - kombinatsiyalashgan terapiya (propranolol + EVVL). Kuzatuv muddati 24 oy. Natijalar: 24 oylik kuzatuvda qon ketish chastotasi: I guruhda 32,2%, II guruhda 18,7%, III guruhda 8,3% (p<0,05). O‘lim ko‘rsatkichi III guruhda sezilarli darajada past bo‘ldi (6,7% vs I guruhda 14,5%). Xulosa: Kombinatsiyalashgan profilaktik strategiya (EVVL + kardioselektiv beta-bloker) jigar sirrozi bilan og‘rigan bemorlarda qon ketish xavfini 74% ga kamaytiradi va hayot sifatini yaxshilaydi.
jigar sirrozi, qizilo‘ngach varikoz kengaygan venalari, qon ketish profilaktikasi, endoskopik ligatsiya, beta-blokerlar, portal gipertenziya.
MA’MURIY PREYUDITSIYA MURAKKAB YURIDIK KONSTRUKSIYA SIFATIDA: SHAKLLANISH TARIXI VA HUQUQIY INTEGRATSIYASI
Ushbu maqolada ma’muriy preyuditsiya institutining yuridik tabiati, uning shakllanish tarixi va O‘zbekiston Respublikasining jinoyat qonunchiligiga integratsiyalashuvi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda Rim huquqidan boshlab, sovet davri va mustaqillik yillaridagi qonunchilik rivojlanishi, xususan, 1926, 1959 va 1994-yillardagi Jinoyat kodekslaridagi o‘zgarishlar qiyosiy o‘rganilgan. Ma’muriy preyuditsiyaning "kriminologik filtr" sifatidagi vazifasi hamda uning ijtimoiy xavfi katta bo‘lmagan jinoyatlar profilaktikasidagi ahamiyati asoslab berilgan.
ma’muriy preyuditsiya, jinoyat huquqi, kriminologik filtr, ijtimoiy xavflilik, jinoiy javobgarlik, insonparvarlik, Rim huquqi, sud qarori.
MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT IN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND DIGITAL CONTENT PLATFORMS
Materials development is a central component of effective language teaching. It involves the design, adaptation, and evaluation of instructional resources that facilitate language acquisition. With the rapid growth of electronic platforms, language teachers now have unprecedented access to digital content, enabling more dynamic, personalized, and engaging learning experiences. This article explores the principles of materials development in language education and examines how electronic platforms contribute to content creation and distribution. It highlights both opportunities and challenges associated with digital resources, including accessibility, quality control, and pedagogical alignment. The discussion integrates theoretical perspectives with practical applications, offering guidance for educators seeking to optimize their materials in both traditional and digital environments.
Language teaching has evolved significantly over the past few decades, shifting from traditional textbook-centered approaches to more learner-centered and technology-enhanced practices.
RAQAMLI TRANSFORMATSIYA SHAROITIDA OLIY TA’LIM TIZIMINI MODERNIZATSIYA QILISH: MUAMMOLAR VA ISTIQBOLLAR
Mazkur maqolada mualliflar bugungi raqamli transformatsiya sharoitida oliy ta’lim tizimini modernizatsiya qilishning dolzarb masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, ta’lim jarayoniga zamonaviy axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalarini joriy etish, masofaviy ta’lim platformalaridan samarali foydalanish hamda o‘quv jarayonini raqamlashtirishning asosiy yo‘nalishlari yoritib beriladi. Shuningdek, oliy ta’lim muassasalarida raqamli infratuzilmani rivojlantirish, pedagog kadrlarning raqamli kompetensiyalarini oshirish va ta’lim sifatini ta’minlash muammolari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada milliy va xorijiy tajribalar asosida oliy ta’lim tizimini modernizatsiya qilishning ustuvor yo‘nalishlari hamda istiqboldagi rivojlanish tendensiyalari ilmiy asosda tahlil etiladi.
raqamli transformatsiya, oliy ta’lim, modernizatsiya, masofaviy ta’lim, raqamli texnologiyalar, ta’lim sifati, innovatsiya.
"СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В РАЗВИТИИ ГРАММАТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА"
В данной статье рассматриваются современные тенденции в развитии грамматической системы русского языка. Анализируются основные изменения, происходящие в морфологии и синтаксисе под влиянием разговорной речи, интернет-коммуникации и процессов заимствования. Особое внимание уделяется упрощению грамматических конструкций и адаптации новых языковых единиц к нормам современного русского языка.
современный русский язык, грамматическая система, морфология, синтаксис, языковые изменения, разговорная речь, интернет-коммуникация, заимствования, грамматические нормы.
ДОГОВОР АРЕНДЫ ЗДАНИЯ И СООРУЖЕНИЯ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
Статья посвящена комплексному анализу правовой природы и практики применения договора аренды зданий и сооружений в Республике Узбекистан. Рассматриваются теоретические основы данного вида договора, его место в системе гражданско-правовых обязательств, а также особенности правового регулирования, закреплённые в Гражданском кодексе и иных нормативных актах. Особое внимание уделено существенным условиям договора, включая форму, государственную регистрацию, определение арендной платы и порядок передачи объекта аренды. Автор анализирует различия между понятиями «здание» и «сооружение», их признаки как объектов недвижимости, а также особенности правового режима земельного участка, связанного с арендуемым объектом. В статье освещаются проблемы, возникающие на практике при заключении и исполнении договоров, в том числе несоблюдение требований к форме договора, отсутствие условий об арендной плате и вопросы государственной регистрации.
договор аренды, аренда зданий и сооружений, недвижимое имущество, государственная регистрация, арендодатель, арендатор, арендная плата, передаточный акт, форма договора, правовой режим недвижимости, земельный участок, обязательственные правоотношения, нотариальное удостоверение, существенные условия договора, гражданское право, договорные отношения.
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QUVCHILARDA JAMOANI SHAKILLANTIRISH USULLARI
Bolalar jamoasini shakllantirish metodikasi hozirgi kunda ancha to'liq va mukammal ishlab chiqilgan. Bu metodikaning umumiy asoslari pedagogika kursida bayon etilgan, jamoa va jamoada shaxsni tarbiyalash nazariyasiga tayanadi. Jamoa nazariyasi qoidalariga muvofiq uni yaratish metodikasi ishlab chiqilgan.
tarbiya, tarbiya jarayoni, tarbiyaning maqsadi, tarbiya mazmuni, tarbiya turlari, tarbiya tamoyillari, tarbiya qonuniyatlari, dunyoqarash, jamoa, davlat va jamiyat, uzluksiz ta’lim.
BOSHLANG‘ICH TA’LIM JARAYONLARINI LOYIHALASHTIRISH VA INTERAKTIV YONDASHUVINI AMALIYOTGA JORIY QILISH.
Respublikamizda umumiy o‘rta ta’lim sohasini tubdan isloh qilish, xalqaro baholash dasturlari asosida o‘quvchilarda o‘qish, tabiiy-ilmiy savodxonlikni rivojlantirishga alohida e’tibor qaratilmoqda. Ayniqsa, o‘quvchilarda o‘z faoliyatini mustaqil tashkil etish, o‘zini-o‘zi tahlil qilish asosida voqelikka ongli munosabatni qaror toptirish muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. O‘zbekiston Respublikasini yanada rivojlantirish bo‘yicha harakatlar strategiyasida «jismonan sog‘lom, ruhan va aqlan rivojlangan, mustaqil fikrlaydigan, Vatanga sodiq, qat’iy hayotiy nuqtai nazarga ega yoshlarni tarbiyalash» masalalari ustuvor vazifalardan biri sifatida belgilangan.
Boshlang‘ich, ta’lim, muhit, loyihalashtirish, axborot, interaktiv yondashuvini amaliyotga joriy qilish, o‘quv-metodik, ta’minot, isloh qilish, mustaqil, tashkil etish, o‘zini-o‘zi tahlil qilish.
BOSHLANG‘ICH TA’LIMDA O‘QUVCHILARINING BILIM, KO‘NIKMA VA MALAKALARINI TASHXIS ETISH
Ta’lim tashhisida oqibatlar, erishilgan natijalar va ta’lim olganlik farqlanadi. Shuningdek, ta’lim olganlikni tashhislash vaqtida belgilangan maqsadni amalga oshirishda erishilgan daraja sifatida ham qaraladi. Didaktik tashxisning maqsadi o‘quv jarayonini uning samaradorligi bilan bog‘liq holda aniqlash, baholash va tahlil qilishdan iborat.
Ta’lim, tashxis, baholash mezonlari, tekshiruv, boshlang‘ich ta’lim sifatini baholash, yangi yondashuvlar boshlang‘ich ta’lim sifatini boshqarish, motiv va motivatsiya
MAKTABGACHA TA’LIM TASHKILOTLARIDA INTEGRATSIYALASHGAN STEAM MUHITINI YARATISH ORQALI BOLALARNING MUAMMOLI VAZIYATLARNI HAL QILISH KO‘NIKMALARINI SHAKLLANTIRISH
Maqolada maktabgacha ta’lim yoshidagi bolalarda muammoli vaziyatlarni hal qilish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishda STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) yondashuvining o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda integratsiyalashgan ta’lim muhitini yaratish prinsiplari va ushbu sohadagi ilg‘or jahon mamlakatlari (AQSH, Finlyandiya, Janubiy Koreya) tajribalari yoritilgan.
STEAM, integratsiya, muammoli vaziyat, kognitiv rivojlanish, Finlyandiya tajribasi, maktabgacha ta’lim, 4K ko‘nikmalari.
ZAMONAVIY O'QITUVCHINING KOMMUNIKATIV SHAXSIYATI
Ushbu ilmiy maqolada zamonaviy ta'lim tizimida o'qituvchining kommunikativ shaxsiyat sifatida shakllanishi masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli texnologiyalar rivojlanishi, ta'lim standartlarining o'zgarishi va o'quvchilarning psixologik portretidagi yangiliklar o'qituvchidan yuqori darajadagi muloqot kompetensiyasini talab etmoqda. Maqolada kommunikativ shaxsiyat tushunchasi, uning tarkibiy qismlari, zamonaviy o'qituvchi oldida turgan kommunikativ to'siqlar va ularni bartaraf etish yo'llari ilmiy-pedagogik nuqtai nazardan yoritilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko'rsatadiki, o'qituvchining kommunikativ madaniyati nafaqat dars samaradorligini, balki ta'lim muhitining ijobiy psixologik iklimini shakllantirishda hal qiluvchi omil hisoblanadi.
kommunikativ shaxsiyat, o'qituvchi kompetensiyasi, pedagogik muloqot, raqamli kommunikatsiya.
MASSIVELY PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION OF GAUSSIAN SMOOTHING ON MANY-CORE ARCHITECTURES
As image processing techniques demand higher performance, traditional single-threaded convolution methods become increasingly inadequate. This study focuses on the parallel implementation of 2D Gaussian convolution to overcome these computational hurdles. By offloading the workload to parallel systems, we significantly reduce processing latency. The paper evaluates the efficiency of Gaussian filtering on heterogeneous platforms, specifically contrasting multi-core CPU architectures against GPU acceleration. Experimental results, conducted on the Google Colab platform, demonstrate the superior speedup achieved through hardware-level parallelization.
Parallel Computing, Image Convolution, Gaussian Blur, Google Colaboratory.
AGROKLASTERLAR BOSH MODELI VA MASHINA PARKI TARKIBLARINI ASOSLASH (SHOLICHILIK KLASTERLAR MISOLIDA)
This article presents the results of a study on the development of a general model of the rice cluster and the determination of the composition, types and quantity of the required machine park. The concept of “General model of a rice-growing cluster” is introduced and its definition is given. The general model for sown area is substantiated by the following sequence: regional rice clusters are grouped according to the values of sown area; clusters with the largest sown areas were selected from the groups and the corresponding variational series of numbers was formed; the upper limit of the mathematical expectation of this series is taken as the rational sowing area of the general model. Using the standard coefficients (numbers) of technical equipment required per 1 000 hectares of rice land, the composition, brands and number of tractors and agricultural machines that perform technological operations on the sowing area of the rice-growing cluster are determined. In rice growing clusters with a rational technical park, all agrotechnical operations are carried out at the optimum time and agricultural products adapted for processing are grown.
rice-growing tractor, general model, rational sown area, technological operation, rice cultivation, fl eet of machines, composition, type, quantity, effect.
POLICY GAPS IN CHINA’S AI-IN-EDUCATION SYSTEM
This paper examines the growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in China’s education system and identifies the persistent policy–practice gap that emerges as national strategies meet local realities. Although China’s central government promotes AI as a tool for modernization, personalization, and efficient school governance, implementation remains uneven and often controversial. Drawing on national policy documents and recent research, the paper analyzes two illustrative cases: the adaptive learning platform Squirrel AI and the facial-recognition “smart campus” initiative at Hangzhou No. 11 High School. These cases highlight challenges related to teacher preparation, algorithmic transparency, data governance, and commercial influence. The analysis shows that China’s ambitious AI reforms rely on policy narratives that emphasize innovation but provide limited operational guidance, leaving schools to interpret and enact AI policies with insufficient regulatory support. The paper argues that meaningful and ethical AI integration requires clearer governance standards, stronger teacher training, and more explicit protections for student data and well-being. The findings contribute to ongoing discussions about the conditions necessary for effective and responsible AI adoption in education.
Artificial intelligence in education; China education policy; Squirrel AI; facial recognition in schools; AI governance; data privacy; teacher agency; educational technology; smart campuses; policy–practice gap.
This paper examines the rapid growth of drone technology and its increasing use in various fields worldwide. It analyzes major security challenges in drone communication systems, including DoS attacks, Man-In-The-Middle attacks, GPS spoofing, jamming, and wormhole attacks. The study highlights the limitations of drones due to limited resources, which make security implementation more difficult. It also discusses key methods for improving drone security such as encryption, antivirus use, and system updates. The research emphasizes the importance of developing effective solutions to ensure safe and reliable drone operations.
Drone security, cyber threats, DoS attack, Man-In-The-Middle attack, GPS spoofing, jamming, wormhole attack, UAV communication, information security.
INTEGRATING SOCIAL EMOTIONAL LEARNING IN EFL CLASSROOMS
This article explores the integration of Social Emotional Learning (SEL) strategies into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms in Uzbekistan. The study is based on a pre-survey conducted among 86 university students to examine their emotional experiences during oral English activities. The findings show that students often experience emotional barriers such as anxiety, fear of making mistakes, and low confidence when speaking English. According to the survey results, 52.3% of students consider emotional regulation very important for successful oral communication. Students also reported that managing emotions improves confidence, fluency, and pronunciation. The results indicate that emotional factors significantly influence students’ participation in language learning.
Social Emotional Learning, EFL, speaking anxiety, emotional wellbeing, communicative competence, language education, classroom participation, Uzbekistan
THE ROLE OF CRITICAL THINKING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Critical thinking has become one of the most essential skills in modern education. Universities and educational institutions are increasingly focusing on developing students’ ability to analyze information, solve problems, and make independent decisions. This article discusses the importance of critical thinking in higher education and examines methods teachers can use to develop this skill in students. The paper also explores the relationship between critical thinking, academic success, and professional development. Furthermore, the study highlights challenges faced by educators while promoting analytical thinking in the classroom. The article concludes that critical thinking not only improves learning outcomes but also prepares students for real-life challenges and future careers.
The modern world is characterized by rapid technological development, global communication, and constant access to information. In such conditions, students need more than theoretical knowledge to succeed academically and professionally. They must be able to evaluate information critically, identify reliable sources, solve complex problems, and make informed decisions.
ARE MODERN TECHNOLOGIES MAKING PEOPLE SMARTER OR LESS INTELLIGENT?
This article examines whether people are becoming smarter over time or, conversely, whether their cognitive and intellectual abilities are declining. Particular attention is given to the impact of modern technologies, social media, and short videos on human attention and thinking processes. The article discusses the decreasing ability to maintain long-term concentration, read books, and engage in deep thinking. It also explores how the rapid flow of information, excessive internet use, and constant consumption of entertainment content may lead to impatience, reduced interest span, and weakened independent thinking. In addition, the positive aspects of modern technologies are considered, and possible solutions to these issues are suggested.
Intellectual development, thinking process, attention span, modern technologies, social media, short videos, information flow, reading habits, independent thinking, cognitive abilities, impatience, digital content consumption, human intelligence.
INFLAMMATORY AND METABOLIC PREDICTORS OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PROGRESSION: CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE
Chronic heart failure (CHF) remains one of the leading causes of hospitalization, disability, and mortality worldwide. Recent studies emphasize the important role of inflammatory and metabolic disturbances in the progression of myocardial dysfunction and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of inflammatory and metabolic predictors in patients with chronic heart failure and to assess their association with disease severity and prognosis. The study included 48 patients diagnosed with CHF who underwent clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic evaluation. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), NT-proBNP, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and insulin resistance markers were significantly associated with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and worsening functional status. Statistical analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between NT-proBNP and NYHA functional class (r = 0.74; p <0.001), as well as between CRP and ejection fraction reduction (r = –0.61; p <0.01). The findings confirm the prognostic importance of inflammatory and metabolic abnormalities in CHF progression and highlight the value of integrated diagnostic assessment.
chronic heart failure, inflammation, NT-proBNP, metabolic syndrome, prognosis, cardiovascular risk
IQTISODIYOTNI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA YENGIL SANOAT KORXONALARINING O‘RNI
Ushbu maqolada iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirishda yengil sanoat korxonalarining tutgan o‘rni, ularning ishlab chiqarish, bandlikni ta’minlash, eksport salohiyatini oshirish, mahalliy xomashyodan samarali foydalanish va hududiy iqtisodiy faollikni kuchaytirishdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Yengil sanoat mamlakat iqtisodiyotining muhim tarmoqlaridan biri bo‘lib, aholining kundalik ehtiyojlarini qondirish, yangi ish o‘rinlari yaratish, kichik biznes va tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish hamda ichki bozorni sifatli mahsulotlar bilan ta’minlashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Maqolada yengil sanoat korxonalarining iqtisodiy samaradorligini oshirish, innovatsion texnologiyalarni joriy etish va raqobatbardosh mahsulot ishlab chiqarish masalalari yoritiladi.
yengil sanoat, iqtisodiyot, korxona, ishlab chiqarish, bandlik, eksport, tadbirkorlik, raqobatbardoshlik, innovatsiya, mahalliy xomashyo.
НАУЧНО-ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ И УХОДА ЗА ПАЦИЕНТАМИ, ПЕРЕНЁСШИМИ ИНСУЛЬТ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)
Инсульт (острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения - ОНМК) по-прежнему остаётся одной из ведущих причин инвалидности и смертности в мире. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, ежегодно инсульт переносят 15 миллионов человек, из которых около 5 миллионов погибают, а ещё 5 миллионов приобретают стойкую инвалидность (Feigin et al., 2022) [1]. В этой связи реабилитация и уход за пациентами, перенёсшими инсульт, приобретают характер глобальной медико-социальной проблемы.
Ряд научных исследований последних лет коренным образом обновил теоретические основы постинсультной реабилитации и стандарты ухода. Развитие теории нейропластичности, совершенствование моделей мультидисциплинарного подхода и внедрение принципов пациент-центрированного ухода ознаменовали новый этап в данной области (Langhorne et al., 2018) [2]. В настоящем обзоре литературы анализируются 20 современных научных источников, посвящённых теоретическим основам реабилитации и ухода за пациентами, перенёсшими инсульт.
TIBBIY XIZMATNI TASHKIL ETISH VA UNING SAMARADORLIGINI BAHOLASH
Ushbu maqolada Farg‘ona viloyati misolida poliklinikalarda tibbiy xizmatni tashkil etish tizimi va uning samaradorligini baholash masalalari kompleks tahlil qilingan. 2020-2024-yillar davomida birlamchi tibbiy yordam qamrovi 72% dan 84% gacha oshdi, biroq shahar (88%) va qishloq (78%) hududlari o‘rtasida statistik jihatdan sezilarli tafovut (p<0,05) saqlanmoqda. Shoshilinch tibbiy xizmatda qishloq hududlarida chaqiruvlarga o‘rtacha javob berish vaqti 22,5 daqiqani tashkil etib, JSST me’yoridan (15 daqiqa) oshmoqda. 150 respondent ishtirokida o‘tkazilgan so‘rovnoma (Likert shkalasi, 1-5 ball) va regressiv tahlil asosida tibbiy xizmat samaradorligiga ta'sir etuvchi asosiy omillar aniqlandi. Natijalar asosida tibbiy xizmatni takomillashtirish bo‘yicha beshta strategik yo‘nalish ishlab chiqilgan.
tibbiy xizmat, aholi salomatligi, poliklinika, samaradorlik baholash, hududiy farqlar, telemeditsina, Farg‘ona viloyati.
Mirzaabdullayeva Xurshida Shavkatjon qizi2
MINNATDORCHILIK NUTQIY AKTINING MILLIY-MADANIY XUSUSIYATLARI: INGLIZ VA O‘ZBEK TILLARI QIYOSIDA
Ushbu maqolada minnatdorchilik nutqiy aktining milliy-madaniy xususiyatlari ingliz va o‘zbek tillari qiyosida tadqiq etiladi. Minnatdorchilik muloqot jarayonida insonlar o‘rtasidagi hurmat, e’tibor, samimiylik, ijtimoiy yaqinlik va odob me’yorlarini ifodalovchi muhim kommunikativ hodisa sifatida talqin qilinadi. Shuningdek, ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida minnatdorchilik aktining milliy mentalitet, madaniy qadriyatlar va nutqiy etiket me’yorlari bilan uzviy aloqasi ochib beriladi.
minnatdorchilik, nutqiy akt, lingvomadaniyat, lingvopragmatika, milliy-madaniy xususiyat, kommunikativ vaziyat, nutqiy etiket, ingliz tili, o‘zbek tili, qiyosiy tahlil.
KRIPTOVALYUTALAR VA AN’ANAVIY MOLIYA TIZIMI O‘RTASIDAGI RAQOBAT
Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy iqtisodiyotning eng dolzarb masalalaridan biri – kriptovalyutalar va an’anaviy moliya tizimi o‘rtasidagi raqobat hamda o‘zaro ta’sir jarayonlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida kriptovalyutalarning mohiyati, ularning markazlashgan moliya tizimlaridan farqli jihatlari va jahon iqtisodiyoti rivojidagi istiqbolli o‘rni yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, raqamli aktivlarning an’anaviy bank-moliya sektoriga ko‘rsatayotgan ta’siri, vujudga kelayotgan xavf-xatarlar va yangi imkoniyatlar atroflicha o‘rganilgan. Maqola yakunida kriptovalyutalarning kelajakdagi transformatsiyasi hamda ularning iqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta’minlashdagi salohiyati yuzasidan xulosa va tavsiyalar ilgari suriladi.
kriptovalyuta, blokcheyn, an’anaviy moliya tizimi, raqamli iqtisodiyot, fintex, iqtisodiy transformatsiya, investitsiya, markazsizlashgan moliya (DeFi).
KONSTRUKTIV YONDASHUV ASOSIDA RAQAMLI TA’LIM MUHITIDA ONLAYN BAHOLASH TIZIMLARINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Mazkur maqolada raqamli ta’lim muhitida onlayn baholash tizimlarini konstruktiv yondashuv asosida takomillashtirish masalalari yoritilgan. Konstruktiv ta’lim nazariyasining asosiy tamoyillari tahlil qilinib, ularning onlayn baholash jarayoniga integratsiyasi ko‘rib chiqilgan. Tadqiqotda zamonaviy raqamli platformalar orqali amalga oshirilayotgan formatif va summativ baholash usullarining samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi hamda talabaning bilimni mustaqil qurishi, refleksiya va o‘z-o‘zini baholash ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan takliflar ilgari suriladi.
konstruktiv yondashuv, raqamli ta’lim muhiti, onlayn baholash, formatif baholash, summativ baholash, refleksiya, e-learning.
МЕТОДИКА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ОШИБОК В УСТНОЙ И ПИСЬМЕННОЙ РЕЧИ СТУДЕНТОВ
В данной научной статье подробно рассматривается методика выявления, классификации и анализа ошибок в устной и письменной речи студентов высших учебных заведений. В исследовании рассмотрены социолингвистические, психолингвистические и педагогические аспекты изучения лингвистических ошибок. В статье предложены традиционные и современные цифровые методы диагностики ошибок, а также стратегии их коррекции. Представленная методика может служить практическим руководством для специалистов в области филологии, педагогики и преподавания языков.
речевые ошибки, устная речь, письменная речь, межъязыковая интерференция.