ADABIYOTDA FENTEZI JANRINING PAYDO BO‘LISHI VA SHAKLLANISHI.
Keywords:
fentezi, sehr, afsonalar, rivoyatlar, ertaklar, ritsarlik romanlari.Abstract
Ushbu tadqiqot adabiyotda fentezi janrining rivojlanish tarixiga bag‘ishlangan. Fentezi - bu mo‘jizaviy, g‘ayritabiiy va afsonaviy unsurlarni o‘z ichiga olgan taxminiy (speculative) adabiyot janri bo‘lib, uning ildizlari eng qadimiy asarlargacha, masalan, Gilgamesh dostoni hamda Ming bir kecha qissalarigacha borib taqaladi. O‘rta asr ritsarlik romanlari, jumladan Artur haqidagi afsonalar fantastik mavzular va fentezi elementlarini o‘z ichiga olgan va bu janr Uyg‘onish hamda Ma’rifat davrlarida Perro va Volter kabi mualliflar ijodi orqali rivojlanishda davom etgan. Ingliz adabiyotida dastlab fentezi badiiy nufuz qozona olmagan bo‘lsa-da, Jorj MakDonald va Lord Danseni kabi yozuvchilar uni mustaqil janr sifatida shakllantirgan hamda keyinchalik J.R.R. Tolkin va C.S. Lyuis kabi mualliflarga kuchli ta’sir ko‘rsatgan.
XX asrda fentezi bolalar va kattalar adabiyotida tobora mashhur bo‘lib bordi, “yo‘qolgan dunyo” hamda “qilich va sehr” (sword and sorcery) kabi subjanrlar paydo bo‘ldi. XXI asrga kelib esa J.K. Rouling, Jorj R.R. Martin va Brendon Sanderson kabi mualliflar asarlarining ommalashuvi evaziga fentezi zamonaviy hikoyachilikning ajralmas ustuniga aylandi.
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