ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ ПШЕНИЦЫ IN VITRO В УСЛОВИЯХ КАРАКАЛПАКСТАНА
Keywords:
wheat, plant tissue culture, in vitro, resource-saving, agronomy, biotechnology, morphophysiological parameters, arid agriculture.Abstract
Sustainable agricultural development in arid regions requires the implementation of innovative technologies that allow efficient use of limited natural resources. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide and plays a key role in ensuring food security. However, wheat productivity in arid regions such as Karakalpakstan is constrained by drought stress, soil salinity, and declining soil fertility. Modern plant biotechnology, particularly tissue culture techniques, offers effective tools for accelerating plant breeding and improving crop adaptation to environmental stress.
This study investigates the optimization of resource-saving technologies for wheat cultivation in vitro. The research focuses on evaluating the effects of nutrient media composition, plant growth regulators, and explant types on morphophysiological parameters of wheat plantlets. Different concentrations of mineral salts and hormones were tested to identify cost-effective culture conditions without compromising regeneration efficiency.
The results demonstrate that reducing mineral nutrient concentrations by 25–50% does not significantly affect callus induction or shoot regeneration. Optimized hormonal balance significantly improves plantlet development and reduces the need for repeated subculturing. The findings highlight the potential of resource-efficient in vitro cultivation systems for supporting wheat breeding programs in arid environments.
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