INFLAMMATORY AND METABOLIC PREDICTORS OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PROGRESSION: CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract

Chronic heart failure (CHF) remains one of the leading causes of hospitalization, disability, and mortality worldwide. Recent studies emphasize the important role of inflammatory and metabolic disturbances in the progression of myocardial dysfunction and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of inflammatory and metabolic predictors in patients with chronic heart failure and to assess their association with disease severity and prognosis. The study included 48 patients diagnosed with CHF who underwent clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic evaluation. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), NT-proBNP, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and insulin resistance markers were significantly associated with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and worsening functional status. Statistical analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between NT-proBNP and NYHA functional class (r = 0.74; p <0.001), as well as between CRP and ejection fraction reduction (r = –0.61; p <0.01). The findings confirm the prognostic importance of inflammatory and metabolic abnormalities in CHF progression and highlight the value of integrated diagnostic assessment.